In an ayat majmuk pancangan a smaller clause is embedded in a main clause. There are three kinds. Relatif uses yang to describe a noun. Komplemen uses bahawa (or untuk) to complete a verb such as berkata or tahu. Keterangan uses words such as kerana, jika, supaya and apabila to add a reason, a condition, a purpose or a time.
What your child will learn
- Tell relatif, komplemen and keterangan apart
- Name the kind of keterangan
- Combine two sentences in each of the three ways
Three jobs for the small clause
Relatif: “Baju yang berwarna biru itu mahal” — the clause describes baju. Komplemen: “Ayah memberitahu bahawa kami akan berpindah” — the clause is what ayah said.
Keterangan comes in many flavours: sebab (kerana), syarat (jika), tujuan (supaya), waktu (apabila, semasa), pertentangan (walaupun), akibat (sehingga) and perbandingan (seperti).
Example questions
Here are a few questions like the ones in the first quest. Can you solve them?
1. Apakah jenis ayat majmuk ini? “Dia menangis kerana terjatuh.”
😭- pancangan keterangan
- pancangan relatif
- pancangan komplemen
Show answer
Answer: pancangan keterangan. “Kerana terjatuh” menerangkan sebab.
2. Ayat majmuk pancangan relatif menggunakan kata hubung…
- yang
- dan
- kerana
- bahawa
Show answer
Answer: yang. “Yang” menerangkan kata nama.
3. Apakah jenis ayat majmuk ini? “Ayah memberitahu bahawa kami akan berpindah.”
👨- pancangan keterangan
- pancangan komplemen
- pancangan relatif
Show answer
Answer: pancangan komplemen. “Bahawa” memancangkan perkara yang diberitahu.
Tips for grown-ups
- Join the same two sentences with yang, then with kerana, and compare the results.
- In a news article, hunt for “bahawa” and say who said what.